Repetitive Strain injury

Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) occur from overusing a specific part of the body through repeated motions. While historically linked to manual labor, RSIs are now commonly associated with modern technology and office work. Conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger are examples of RSIs.

A repetitive strain injury, also known as cumulative trauma disorder, is damage to muscles, joints, tendons, or nerves caused by repeated movements or overuse. RSIs are a leading cause of work-related injuries in the U.S. They develop gradually from repeated stress rather than a single incident

  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Causes pain, tingling, and numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger due to compression of the median nerve in the wrist.
  • Epicondylitis: Inflammation of elbow tendons from muscle overuse, including:
    • Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis): Pain on the outer elbow due to tendon issues related to wrist extension.
    • Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis): Pain on the inner elbow affecting tendons involved in wrist flexion.
  • Trigger Finger: Causes a finger to lock or catch due to inflammation of the flexor tendon.
  • Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae, fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints, leading to pain and movement issues. Common in shoulders and hips.
  • Tendonitis: Inflammation of tendons from repetitive or awkward use, affecting shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, hips, knees, and ankles.
  • Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin Splints): Inflammation of shin muscles and tendons, often from excessive running or jumping.

RSI symptoms often begin as dull, aching pain that may become sharp over time. Pain might initially occur only during specific activities but can later be present at rest or at night. Other symptoms include:

  • Decreased range of motion
  • Numbness
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Tingling
  • Weakness

RSIs are caused by repetitive movements, prolonged postures, awkward positions, and overworking muscles. Activities and occupations with repetitive or prolonged tasks increase the risk, including:

  • Carpentry and tool-based jobs
  • Construction work
  • Cooking
  • Gardening
  • Gymnastics
  • Long-distance running or marching
  • Meatpacking
  • Sewing
  • Sports like pitching
  • Bartending
  • Tennis and racquet sports
  • Computer and mouse use
  • Handheld electronics for gaming and texting

Diagnosing an RSI involves reviewing symptoms and the activities that aggravate or relieve them. A physical exam may include assessing range of motion, strength, and palpation.

Imaging tests can confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the extent of damage:

  • X-rays
  • Ultrasound
  • CT scan
  • MRI

Treatment for RSIs usually combines home remedies and medications:

  • Avoid activities that cause pain
  • Take NSAIDs like Aleve (naproxen) or Advil (ibuprofen)
  • Use topical pain-relief creams
  • Apply heat for muscle aches and stiffness
  • Apply ice for pain and swelling
  • Wear a splint to protect the injured area
  • Work place ergonomics

Physical therapy can be beneficial, focusing on reducing pain, improving mobility, and building strength. If conservative treatments are ineffective, additional options include:

Steroid injections, PRP injections.